Stage 4 Kidney Disease On Dialysis
A patient with stage 4 kidney disease means that his glomerular filtration rate is lower than 15 ml/min/1.73m2. This is also known as end stage renal disease. The patient develops this stage when more than 80% of the renal function is lost. There are lot of problems associated with stage 4 kidney disease because the kidneys can no longer function to excrete the toxic waste and excess water from the body. Kidneys also maintain the electrolyte balance and produce erythropoietin hormone which is essential in forming red blood cells from the bone marrow. There can be metabolic abnormalities such as uremia, hypercalcemia and …